Tarlac is well known as the Melting Pot of Central Luzon due to the presence of the following four major ehtnolinguistic groups: Pampangos, Ilocanos, Tagalogs and Pangasinenses. Amidst cultural diversities the people have learned to live as one and at peace with one another. Thus, Tarlac served as the cradle of great men and women in every field of endeavor.
Foremost figures were the late Benigno S. Aquino, Jr., the country’s latter-day hero and Carlos P. Romulo, the former Secretary General of the United Nations. Another notable figure was Leonor Rivera of Camiling, Tarlac, Jose Rizal’s beloved and better known as “Maria Clara” in his novel Noli Me Tangere.
Tarlac also takes pride in being home to the First Woman president of the Philippine Republic in the person of Corazon C. Aquino who hails from Concepcion, Tarlac. Retrieved from https://3ccentralluzon.wordpress.com/history/tarlac/traditions/
Just like the other ethnolinguistic groups, the Kapampangans have rich customs and traditions governing the rites of passage. Some of these practices are still being observed nowadays.
In this blog, there are some shared cultures by the Tarlaquenos which are also practiced by the Kapampangan from Pampanga. The pictures are not mine, I downloaded them, so I want to give credit to the owners of the photos posted on my blog.
ATTRIBUTE OF CULTURE – RELIGION
TARLAC has become the “Belen Capital of the Philippines,” mainly from the efforts of the mother-and-daughter tandem of Doña Isabel Cojuangco and Dr. Isabel Cojuangco-Suntay, chairman of the Tarlac Heritage Foundation.
Although it’s a competition to showcase the different designs of the Belen, the atmosphere is friendly and vibrant as Tarlaqueños join to promote the spirit of Christmas and build up Tarlac’s stature as a place with rich historical heritage. The Belen-making competition, which started in 2007, is one of the major attractions of Tarlac.
2. Baptismal Rites Practices. In many Kapampangan houses, the baby’s baptismal dress serves as a souvenir and decoration for the sala. It is put on a frame and hung in the sala like a picture.
The religious aspect of local culture comes alive during Lenten season where “kalbaryos” are put up in every corners of each Barangay singing in various versions (Kapampangan, Tagalog, Ilocano, English and Latin) the“pasyon” of Jesus Christ. “Panata” is still practiced by many wherein penitents carry the cross, inflict wounds on themselves in repentance of their sins, where the gathering of the believers takes place in a small church beside a century-old acacia tree.
3. Come summer season, when flowers are in bloom, young ladies once again enjoined to wear their gowns for the Santa Cruzan as the highlights of May Festival.
ATTRIBUTE OF CULTURE – AESTHETICS
Courtship and Marriage. The only prevalent form of courtship now is the pamanhikan, where the male, with the permission of the parents, is to visit the girl in the latter’s house. When the agreement is reached between the boy and the girl, the marriage ceremony is arranged. At present, pamanhikan is being practiced when the parents of the boy confer with their balae (parent of the bride-to-be) regarding marriage plans of the children.
2. Death and Burial. The wake (makipaglame) lasts for at least three days and two nights after which everybody participates in the libing (interment).
On the first death anniversary, lukas paldas (literally the removing of the dress for mourning) is practiced with a grandiose meal. The pangadi (prayer observance) is an important part of the ritual.
ATTRIBUTE OF CULTURE – SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
Birth Practices. In one of the barrios of Tarlac, close relatives of a woman who is about to deliver a child, together with their neighbor, make noise like shouting, beating tin cans and exploding firecrackers in order to help expel the fetus faster.
ATTRIBUTE OF CULTURE - LANGUAGE
With its people of diverse language draws a cultural array rich in its own way. Just like any town in the province, Fiestas still abound in this community in celebration of Feasts of Saints and Thanksgiving Festivals. The Kapampangans have different celebration from the Ilocanos in Tarlac. Usually, the Kapampangans prepare a lot of food and invite a lot of people during fiestas. On the other hand, the Ilocanos invite only special or their loved ones when they celebrate their town fiesta. The open doors during fiestas signal an invitation for anyone to join the festive bouquet of local delicacies from the original menu of Victorian tastes. Home to quality diket – a variety of rice that is the original ingredient to native rice cakes, kakanin like patupat, palitaw and tupig among other sweet cakes are some of the learned and passed on culture of food delicacy in the town. Up to the present time, new generation kept the recipe with its tastes that never parted on its original texture.
ATTRIBUTE OF CULTURE – TECHNOLOGY AND MATERIAL CULTURE
Being an agricultural community, customs associated in farming are equally maintained. The vast green fields in barangays San Andres and Sta. Lucia, among others have preserved some of their customary farming equipments such as the “kabyawan” (sugar mill) and “ulnas” (carabao-driven cart). Despite the introduction of modern farming facilities to augment traditional means, some of the local farmers have lived up for their practiced method that had existed over time.
Visit barangay Sta. Barbara and their well-preserved culture of pottery-making. Candid shapes of “dalikan”(clay-stove), cooking and ornamental pots are displayed as if boasting its continuous existence in the place. The culture of pottery-making had contributed not only in maintaining a Victorian culture, but also in economic boost of some households.
ATTRIBUTE OF CULTURE – VALUES AND ATTITUDES
Siklod in Kapampangan or Pagmamano in Tagalog is a gesture used in Filipino culture performed as a sign of respect to elders and as a way of accepting a blessing from the elder. Similar to hand-kissing the person giving the greeting bows towards the offered hand of the elder and presses his or her forehead on the elder's hand. Usually performed with the right hand, the person showing respect may ask Mano po to the elder in order to ask permission to initiate the gesture. Typically someone may mano or siklod to his or her older relatives upon entry into their home or upon seeing them.
ATTRIBUTE OF CULTURE – EDUCATION
Education in Tarlac is managed and regulated by the Department of Education (DepEd), Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA). DepEd is responsible for the K–12 basic education; it exercises full and exclusive control over public schools and nominal regulation over private schools, and it also enforces the national curriculum that has been put in place since 2013. CHED and TESDA, on the other hand, are responsible for higher education; CHED regulates the academically-oriented universities and colleges while TESDA oversees the development of technical and vocational education institutions and programs in the country.
ATTRIBUTE OF CULTURE – LAW AND POLITICS
The Aquino family is one of the most prominent families in the Philippines because of their involvement in politics. They are also involved in other industries such as the business and entertainment.
The family comes from Tarlac and has produced several congressmen, senators, a vice governor and a president. The head of the patriarch family is Servillano Aquino, who was a delegate to the Malolos Congress in 1898. His son, Benigno Aquino, Sr. followed his footsteps as he represented the 2nd District of Tarlac to the House of Representatives of the Philippines (1916-1928) and to the Philippine Legislature by being a senator (1928-1934).
As it turned out the democratic opposition to Marcos was strongest after its leader's death. As Marcos lost the trust of his people, the Philippine economy also fell apart. By 1985 the nation was in political and economic chaos, with Marcos under attack by the press and by the strengthened political opposition, which did well in elections. In December 1985 the court proclaimed that General Ver and the others charged with Aquino's murder were not guilty. Marcos promptly returned Ver to his former position. Popular unrest with Marcos's rule grew steadily, however. Within weeks a political movement formed around Aquino's widow, Corazon. She was elected president of the Philippines in 1986, unseating Marcos.
3. Come summer season, when flowers are in bloom, young ladies once again enjoined to wear their gowns for the Santa Cruzan as the highlights of May Festival.
ATTRIBUTE OF CULTURE – AESTHETICS
Courtship and Marriage. The only prevalent form of courtship now is the pamanhikan, where the male, with the permission of the parents, is to visit the girl in the latter’s house. When the agreement is reached between the boy and the girl, the marriage ceremony is arranged. At present, pamanhikan is being practiced when the parents of the boy confer with their balae (parent of the bride-to-be) regarding marriage plans of the children.
2. Death and Burial. The wake (makipaglame) lasts for at least three days and two nights after which everybody participates in the libing (interment).
On the first death anniversary, lukas paldas (literally the removing of the dress for mourning) is practiced with a grandiose meal. The pangadi (prayer observance) is an important part of the ritual.
ATTRIBUTE OF CULTURE – SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
Birth Practices. In one of the barrios of Tarlac, close relatives of a woman who is about to deliver a child, together with their neighbor, make noise like shouting, beating tin cans and exploding firecrackers in order to help expel the fetus faster.
ATTRIBUTE OF CULTURE - LANGUAGE
With its people of diverse language draws a cultural array rich in its own way. Just like any town in the province, Fiestas still abound in this community in celebration of Feasts of Saints and Thanksgiving Festivals. The Kapampangans have different celebration from the Ilocanos in Tarlac. Usually, the Kapampangans prepare a lot of food and invite a lot of people during fiestas. On the other hand, the Ilocanos invite only special or their loved ones when they celebrate their town fiesta. The open doors during fiestas signal an invitation for anyone to join the festive bouquet of local delicacies from the original menu of Victorian tastes. Home to quality diket – a variety of rice that is the original ingredient to native rice cakes, kakanin like patupat, palitaw and tupig among other sweet cakes are some of the learned and passed on culture of food delicacy in the town. Up to the present time, new generation kept the recipe with its tastes that never parted on its original texture.
ATTRIBUTE OF CULTURE – TECHNOLOGY AND MATERIAL CULTURE
Being an agricultural community, customs associated in farming are equally maintained. The vast green fields in barangays San Andres and Sta. Lucia, among others have preserved some of their customary farming equipments such as the “kabyawan” (sugar mill) and “ulnas” (carabao-driven cart). Despite the introduction of modern farming facilities to augment traditional means, some of the local farmers have lived up for their practiced method that had existed over time.
Visit barangay Sta. Barbara and their well-preserved culture of pottery-making. Candid shapes of “dalikan”(clay-stove), cooking and ornamental pots are displayed as if boasting its continuous existence in the place. The culture of pottery-making had contributed not only in maintaining a Victorian culture, but also in economic boost of some households.
ATTRIBUTE OF CULTURE – VALUES AND ATTITUDES
Siklod in Kapampangan or Pagmamano in Tagalog is a gesture used in Filipino culture performed as a sign of respect to elders and as a way of accepting a blessing from the elder. Similar to hand-kissing the person giving the greeting bows towards the offered hand of the elder and presses his or her forehead on the elder's hand. Usually performed with the right hand, the person showing respect may ask Mano po to the elder in order to ask permission to initiate the gesture. Typically someone may mano or siklod to his or her older relatives upon entry into their home or upon seeing them.
ATTRIBUTE OF CULTURE – EDUCATION
Education in Tarlac is managed and regulated by the Department of Education (DepEd), Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA). DepEd is responsible for the K–12 basic education; it exercises full and exclusive control over public schools and nominal regulation over private schools, and it also enforces the national curriculum that has been put in place since 2013. CHED and TESDA, on the other hand, are responsible for higher education; CHED regulates the academically-oriented universities and colleges while TESDA oversees the development of technical and vocational education institutions and programs in the country.
ATTRIBUTE OF CULTURE – LAW AND POLITICS
The Aquino family is one of the most prominent families in the Philippines because of their involvement in politics. They are also involved in other industries such as the business and entertainment.
The family comes from Tarlac and has produced several congressmen, senators, a vice governor and a president. The head of the patriarch family is Servillano Aquino, who was a delegate to the Malolos Congress in 1898. His son, Benigno Aquino, Sr. followed his footsteps as he represented the 2nd District of Tarlac to the House of Representatives of the Philippines (1916-1928) and to the Philippine Legislature by being a senator (1928-1934).
As it turned out the democratic opposition to Marcos was strongest after its leader's death. As Marcos lost the trust of his people, the Philippine economy also fell apart. By 1985 the nation was in political and economic chaos, with Marcos under attack by the press and by the strengthened political opposition, which did well in elections. In December 1985 the court proclaimed that General Ver and the others charged with Aquino's murder were not guilty. Marcos promptly returned Ver to his former position. Popular unrest with Marcos's rule grew steadily, however. Within weeks a political movement formed around Aquino's widow, Corazon. She was elected president of the Philippines in 1986, unseating Marcos.
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